See annuel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
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"word": "annual"
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"word": "annual"
}
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"lang": "Middle Scots",
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"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman anuel",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman anuel, annuel and Middle French annuel and their etymon Latin annuālis, from annuus + -ālis. First attested before 1382.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "annual",
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"alternative"
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},
{
"form": "annuell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anuell",
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"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "annuale",
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"alternative"
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},
{
"form": "anwal",
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"alternative"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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"Hired once every year."
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"(rare) Hired once every year."
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],
"glosses": [
"Performing an anniversary services (of a priest)"
],
"id": "en-annuel-enm-adj-x1uugA0P",
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"anniversary",
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"(ecclesiastical, rare) Performing an anniversary services (of a priest)"
],
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈɛːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaniu̯ɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈal/",
"note": "from Latin annuālis"
}
],
"word": "annuel"
}
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman anuel, annuel and Middle French annuel and their etymon Latin annuālis, from annuus + -ālis. First attested before 1382.",
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{
"form": "annuels",
"tags": [
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"form": "annual",
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{
"form": "annuell",
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{
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},
{
"form": "annuale",
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},
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]
},
{
"form": "anwel",
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"pos": "noun",
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{
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"An anniversary memorial service commemmorating a death."
],
"id": "en-annuel-enm-noun-zG0pe0Ei",
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],
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"id": "en-annuel-enm-noun-fhsTwCZU",
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[
"fee",
"fee"
],
[
"payment",
"payment"
]
],
"qualifier": "Early Scots",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Scots) A yearly fee or payment."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈɛːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaniu̯ɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈal/",
"note": "from Latin annuālis"
}
],
"word": "annuel"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂et- (but)",
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"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Periodic occurrences",
"enm:Time"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "annual"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "annual"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "annuell"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"anuel",
"anuel#Old_French"
],
[
"annuel",
"annuel#Old_French"
],
[
"annuel",
"annuel#Middle_French"
],
[
"annuālis",
"annualis#Latin"
],
[
"annuus",
"annuus#Latin"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin"
]
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"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:anuel<ety:bor<la:annuālis>>",
"4": "frm:annuel<ety:inh<fro:anuel>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"year\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂etnós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"but\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂et-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*atnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"annus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-wos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-uus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"annuus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"annuālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"anuel\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"anuel\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"annuel\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"annuel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"annuel\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "anuel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman anuel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "annuel"
},
"expansion": "Middle French annuel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "annuālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin annuālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "annuus",
"3": "-ālis",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "annuus + -ālis",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "before",
"2": "1382"
},
"expansion": "First attested before 1382",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:anuel<ety:bor<la:annuālis>>",
"4": "frm:annuel<ety:inh<fro:anuel>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman anuel, annuel and Middle French annuel and their etymon Latin annuālis, from annuus + -ālis. First attested before 1382.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "annual",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "annuell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anuell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "annuale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anwal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anwel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anwell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"10": "{{{3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{sup2}}}",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{1}}}",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{comp2}}}",
"9": "",
"f3l": "",
"f5l": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "annuel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "annuel",
"name": "enm-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "annueler"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"annual, yearly (occuring once every year)"
],
"links": [
[
"annual",
"annual"
],
[
"yearly",
"yearly"
],
[
"occuring",
"occuring#English"
],
[
"once",
"once#English"
],
[
"every",
"every#English"
],
[
"year",
"year#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Hired once every year."
],
"links": [
[
"Hired",
"hired"
],
[
"once",
"once"
],
[
"every",
"every"
],
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Hired once every year."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English ecclesiastical terms",
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Performing an anniversary services (of a priest)"
],
"links": [
[
"ecclesiastical",
"ecclesiastical#Adjective"
],
[
"Performing",
"performing"
],
[
"anniversary",
"anniversary"
],
[
"services",
"services"
],
[
"priest",
"priest#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ecclesiastical, rare) Performing an anniversary services (of a priest)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"ecclesiastical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈɛːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaniu̯ɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈal/",
"note": "from Latin annuālis"
}
],
"word": "annuel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adjectives",
"Middle English entries with etymon",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)",
"Middle English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂et- (but)",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Periodic occurrences",
"enm:Time"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "annual"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "annual"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "annuale"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "annual"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "annuall"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "annual"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "annuell"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "annual"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "anwell"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"anuel",
"anuel#Old_French"
],
[
"annuel",
"annuel#Old_French"
],
[
"annuel",
"annuel#Middle_French"
],
[
"annuālis",
"annualis#Latin"
],
[
"annuus",
"annuus#Latin"
],
[
"-ālis",
"-alis#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:anuel<ety:bor<la:annuālis>>",
"4": "frm:annuel<ety:inh<fro:anuel>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"year\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂etnós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"but\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂et-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"alt\" : \"*-nós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*atnos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"annus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-wós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-wos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-uus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"annuus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂élis\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"grow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂el-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-is\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"annuālis\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Anglo-Norman\", \"term\" : \"anuel\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"xno\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"anuel\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle French\", \"term\" : \"annuel\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"frm\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"annuel\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"annuel\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "xno",
"3": "anuel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman anuel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "annuel"
},
"expansion": "Middle French annuel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "annuālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin annuālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "annuus",
"3": "-ālis",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "annuus + -ālis",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "before",
"2": "1382"
},
"expansion": "First attested before 1382",
"name": "etydate"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "xno:anuel<ety:bor<la:annuālis>>",
"4": "frm:annuel<ety:inh<fro:anuel>>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Anglo-Norman anuel, annuel and Middle French annuel and their etymon Latin annuālis, from annuus + -ālis. First attested before 1382.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "annuels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "annual",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "annuell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anuell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "annuale",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anwal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anwel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "anwell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "annuel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "annuels"
},
"expansion": "annuel (plural annuels)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"An anniversary memorial service commemmorating a death."
],
"links": [
[
"anniversary",
"anniversary"
],
[
"memorial",
"memorial"
],
[
"service",
"service"
],
[
"commemmorating",
"commemorate"
],
[
"death",
"death"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An endowment or fee for such a service."
],
"links": [
[
"endowment",
"endowment"
],
[
"fee",
"fee"
],
[
"service",
"service"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Scots"
],
"glosses": [
"A yearly fee or payment."
],
"links": [
[
"yearly",
"yearly"
],
[
"fee",
"fee"
],
[
"payment",
"payment"
]
],
"qualifier": "Early Scots",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Scots) A yearly fee or payment."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈɛːl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈaniu̯ɛl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌaniu̯ˈal/",
"note": "from Latin annuālis"
}
],
"word": "annuel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for annuel meaning in Middle English (15.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.